Uru rupapuro rusobanura cyane cyane imiterere yumurongo wo hejuru, guhitamo buri kintu gisabwa, umurongo ukoresha ibidukikije no kubara umurongo hamwe no guhuza imiterere yubumenyi bwikirere, uburyo bwo gushushanya umurongo.Sobanukirwa ibipimo nyamukuru byimiterere nubukorikori bwinsinga;Menya uburyo bwimiterere yimiterere yubumenyi bwikirere kubayobora no gushiraho imiterere yubumenyi bwikirere, kandi wumve urujya n'uruza rw'ibishushanyo mbonera.
Gutondekanya n'imiterere y'imirongo yohereza hejuru
1. Gutondekanya imirongo yohereza
Umurongo w'amashanyarazi ni igice cyingenzi muri sisitemu y'amashanyarazi, ishinzwe kohereza no gukwirakwiza ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Imirongo yohereza ingufu z'amashanyarazi ziva mumasoko mukigo gishinzwe amashanyarazi bita imirongo yohereza.Kugirango ugabanye igihombo cyingufu zamashanyarazi mugikorwa cyo kohereza, imirongo yohereza ifata urwego rutandukanye rwa voltage ukurikije intera yoherejwe nubushobozi bwo kohereza.Kugeza ubu, urugero rwa voltage zitandukanye zikoreshwa mu Bushinwa ni 35, 60, 110, 220, 330, 500kV, n'ibindi. Mu Bushinwa, umurongo wa 35 ~ 220kV witwa umurongo wohereza amashanyarazi menshi, naho umurongo wa 330 ~ 500kV witwa ultra high voltage yohereza umurongo.Mubyongeyeho, umurongo ushinzwe umurimo wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi witwa umurongo wo kugabura.Urwego rwa voltage yumurongo wo gukwirakwiza Ubushinwa ni: 380V / 220V, 6KV, 10KV, bivuga imirongo iri munsi ya 1kV nkumurongo wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi make, imirongo ya 1 ~ 10KV nkumurongo wo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi menshi.
Imirongo yohereza irashobora kugabanywamo imirongo ya kabili n'imirongo yo hejuru ukurikije imiterere yabyo.Ugereranije n'umurongo wa kabili, umurongo wo hejuru ufite ibyiza byinshi bigaragara, nk'imiterere yoroshye, igihe gito cyo kubaka, igiciro gito cyo kubaka, kubungabunga neza, imikorere myiza yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bunini bwo kohereza n'ibindi.Uru rupapuro rwerekana gusa ubumenyi bwibanze bwumurongo mwinshi woherejwe hejuru.
2. Imiterere yumurongo wohereza hejuru
Imirongo yohereza ikoreshwa muri rusange guhuza amashanyarazi yo mukarere hamwe na podiyumu kuruhande rwakira.Kugirango ugumane intera runaka hagati yinsinga nzima zumurongo wogukwirakwiza amashanyarazi nubutaka, koresha inkingi niminara kugirango ushyigikire insinga, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo 1-1.Intera itambitse hagati yimirongo yo hagati yiminara yegeranye yitwa intera ya gear.Igice cyo guhagarika umutima gikozwe nintera itandukanye hagati yiminara ibiri yegeranye.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo # 5 ~ # 9, igice cyo guhagarika kigizwe nintera enye.Niba hari intera imwe gusa mugice cyo guhagarika umutima, byitwa kwigunga, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo kiri hagati yumunara # 9 n'umunara # 10.Umurongo wohereza uhora ugizwe nibice byinshi bikurura, harimo ibice byihariye.
Amagambo amwe ajyanye n'imirongo yo hejuru
Mbere ya byose, amagambo yibanze ajyanye nimiterere yumurongo wo hejuru asobanurwa gutya:
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Mubisanzwe, sag bivuga sag ntarengwa mu bikoresho bimwe keretse iyo byateganijwe ukundi, kandi mubisanzwe bigaragazwa ninyuguti F, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 1-2.Iyo insinga yo guhagarika insinga iringaniye (uburebure buringaniye), sag ntarengwa mumwanya wibikoresho hagati;Iyo insinga yo guhagarika insinga itangana muburebure (ubutumburuke ntabwo buringaniye), igicucu kinini mubikoresho bigereranijwe hagati yintera.
(3) Imipaka - Intera ntarengwa yemewe hagati yinsinga nubutaka yitwa imipaka, nkuko byerekanwa na H mubishusho 1-2.Agaciro ko kugabanya intera kavuzwe mu buryo burambuye mu mabwiriza ya tekiniki yo gushushanya imiyoboro yohereza hejuru ndetse n’amabwiriza ya tekiniki yo gushushanya imirongo ikwirakwizwa hejuru yatanzwe na Minisiteri y’amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyacu.Ibice byingenzi bigize umurongo wohereza hejuru ni umuyobozi, umuyoboro wumurabyo, insulator, umunara, insinga na fondasiyo
Ibigize imirongo yohereza hejuru
Dutanga ibisobanuro bigufi byimikorere yibanze nubwoko bwibigize ibice byo hejuru.
1, umuyobozi
Insinga zikoreshwa mu gutwara amashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi.Mubisanzwe, imirongo yohereza ikoresha umuyoboro umwe kuri buri cyiciro, ariko kuri ultra high voltage numuyoboro munini wohereza, kugirango ugabanye corona kugirango ugabanye ingufu z'amashanyarazi kandi ugabanye kwivanga kuri radio na TELEVISIYO, hakoreshwa cyane cyane ibice bibiri, ni ukuvuga bibiri , insinga eshatu, enye cyangwa zirenga (mubisanzwe zishyizwe mumuzingo) zirakoreshwa.
2. Umuyoboro wumurabyo numubiri wubutaka
Umuyoboro wumurabyo umanikwa hejuru yumunara winkingi, kandi uhujwe numubiri wubutaka unyuze mumigozi yubutaka kuri buri munara wibanze.Iyo igicu gisohora inkuba ikubise umurongo wumurabyo, umuyoboro wumurabyo uba uri hejuru yuwuyobora, kandi umubiri wumurabyo wumuriro wubutaka urekurwa kwisi.Muri ubu buryo, amahirwe yo gukubita inkuba arayobora, kugabanuka k'umurongo kurindwa kwangirika k'umurabyo mwinshi, kandi hatangwa uburyo bwo kurinda inkuba kugira ngo umurongo ukore neza.Gusa hejuru ya 110kV yumurongo wumurongo wumurongo washyizweho muri rusange, ibikoresho byayo mubisanzwe ni galvanised umugozi.
3, umunara
Umunara wa pole ukoreshwa mugushigikira umuyobozi nuyobora inkuba hamwe nibindi bikoresho byawo, no gukomeza intera runaka itekanye hagati yuwuyobora, umurabyo n umunara, ndetse no hagati yuyobora nubutaka no kwambuka ibintu cyangwa izindi nyubako .
4. Imashini ya insulator hamwe nimigozi
Insulator ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigize insulasiyo y'umurongo, bikoreshwa mu gushyigikira cyangwa guhagarika insinga kugirango ikingire umunara kandi urebe ko umurongo ufite imbaraga zizewe zo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi.Kuberako idakoreshwa gusa nubukanishi nimbaraga za voltage, ahubwo inarwanya isuri ya gaze yangiza mukirere.
Kubwibyo, birasabwa kugira imbaraga zihagije zubukanishi, urwego rwokwirinda no kurwanya ruswa.
5, ibyuma
Ibikoresho byohereza umurongo bigira uruhare rwo gushyigikira, gutunganya no guhuza insinga zo gukingira hamwe ninsinga zirinda inkuba mumirongo yohereza hejuru.Kandi irashobora gukora insinga.Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwa zahabu, bushobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitanu: clamp wire, guhuza, kurinda no gushushanya insinga ukurikije imitungo n'imikoreshereze.
Urufatiro rwumunara wubatswe hasi kugirango barebe ko umunara winkingi utanyeganyega, gusenyuka, kugabanuka nibindi bikoresho.Niba inkoni ya beto ishimangiwe ishyinguwe mu butaka, kubera ko igice cyambukiranya igice cya pole ari gito, inkingi izarohama mubutaka rusange.Muri iki gihe kugirango wirinde ko inkingi irohama, akenshi munsi yigitereko cya pole ahantu hanini h’isahani ya beto ishimangiwe - chassis, chassis nugukumira umusingi wo kurohama.Ku ruhande rumwe, imikorere ya kabili ni ukunoza imbaraga z'umunara, kwikorera umutwaro wo hanze ku mbaraga z'umunara, kugirango ugabanye gukoresha umunara;Ku rundi ruhande, hamwe n'inkoni y'insinga hamwe n'insinga z'insinga, kugira ngo ukosore umunara hasi, kugira ngo umunara udahungabana, usenyuke.Umunara fatizo ukurikije ahantu hatandukanye, geologiya nuburyo bwubaka, ubwoko bwakoreshejwe nabwo buratandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-11-2022
