Iyi ngingo ni igice cyurukurikirane rureba uburyo butatu bwo kwagura umurongo mugari kugera mu cyaro udafite serivisi zihagije.
Ibikorwa bifitwe nabashoramari, mubisanzwe binini, bigurishwa kumugaragaro amashanyarazi, birashobora kugira uruhare runini mukuzana umurongo mugari mugice cyicyaro ndetse no mubidakwiye mukwemerera abatanga isoko gukoresha ibikorwa remezo bihari kugirango batange umuyoboro wa kilometero hagati kugirango bahuze umurongo wa interineti wihuse.
Ikirometero cyo hagati ni igice cyumuyoboro mugari uhuza umugongo wa interineti na kilometero yanyuma, utanga serivisi kumazu no mubucuruzi ukoresheje urugero, imirongo ya kabili.Muri rusange umugongo ugizwe n'imiyoboro minini ya fibre optique, ikunze gushyingurwa mu nsi no kwambuka imipaka ya leta n'igihugu, izo ni zo nzira nyamukuru zamakuru n'inzira y'ibanze yo kugenda kuri interineti ku isi.
Icyaro cyo mucyaro kigaragaza imbogamizi kubatanga umurongo mugari: Utu turere dukunda kubahenze kandi ntitwunguka gukorera kuruta imijyi ituwe cyane mumijyi no mumujyi.Guhuza abaturage bo mu cyaro bisaba imiyoboro yo hagati na nyuma ya kilometero yanyuma, akenshi iba ifite kandi igakorwa ninzego zitandukanye zikorana kugirango zitange serivise yihuse ya interineti.Kubaka ibikorwaremezo hagati y'ibirometero hagati muri utu turere akenshi bisaba gushyira ibirometero ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bya fibre, igikorwa gihenze kandi ishoramari rishobora guteza akaga niba nta mutanga wa nyuma wifuza guhuza iyo miryango nubucuruzi buciriritse.
Ibinyuranye, abatanga ibirometero byanyuma barashobora guhitamo kudakorera umuganda kubera ibikorwa remezo bigufi cyangwa bidahari.Gukemura bishobora kongera cyane ibiciro byabo.Uku guhuza ibiranga isoko-byatewe no kutagira ubushake cyangwa serivisi bisabwa - byateje itandukaniro rikomeye kandi rihenze rya digitale isiga benshi mu cyaro badafite serivisi.
Aho niho ibikorwa by’abashoramari bifitemo inyungu (IOUs) bishobora gutera intambwe. Aba bakwirakwiza amashanyarazi batanga imigabane kandi bakorera hafi 72% byabakiriya b’amashanyarazi mu gihugu hose.Uyu munsi, IOU irimo kwinjiza insinga za fibre optique mumishinga yabo igezweho yo kuvugurura imiyoboro ya gride, irimo kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi kugirango tunoze imikorere kandi yizewe mubikorwa byamashanyarazi.
Itegeko ry’ishoramari n’ibikorwa remezo bya federasiyo Itegeko ry’ishoramari n’akazi ryashyizweho mu 2021 ryashyizeho gahunda yo guteza imbere ingufu zo gukora no gutunganya ingufu, inkunga ingana na miliyoni 750 z’amadolari y’inganda zikoresha ikoranabuhanga ry’icyatsi kibisi.Porogaramu ikoresha ibikoresho byumushinga wo kuvugurura amashanyarazi amashanyarazi yemerewe inkunga.Iri tegeko ririmo kandi miliyari imwe y’amadolari y’amafaranga y’inkunga-IOU yashoboraga gushaka kubaka imiyoboro ya fibre-cyane cyane ku mishinga yo hagati.
Nkuko IOU yubaka imiyoboro ya fibre kugirango itezimbere ubushobozi bwumuriro wamashanyarazi, akenshi bafite ubushobozi bwinyongera bushobora no gukoreshwa mugutanga cyangwa koroshya serivisi ya Broadband.Vuba aha, bakoze ubushakashatsi ku gukoresha ubwo bushobozi burenga binjira mu isoko rya interineti rwagati.Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’abakomiseri bashinzwe ibikorwa by’ingirakamaro, umuryango w’abanyamuryango ba komiseri ba leta ba leta bagenzura serivisi z’ingirakamaro, bagaragaje ko bashyigikiye ibigo by’amashanyarazi kuba abatanga ibirometero hagati.
Ibindi bigo byingirakamaro byagura imiyoboro ya kilometero yo hagati
Amasosiyete menshi y’amashanyarazi yatije ubushobozi burenze imiyoboro mishya ya fibre ya fibre yo hagati cyangwa yaguwe kugeza kubatanga serivise za interineti mu cyaro aho bidakoresha amafaranga menshi kugirango amasosiyete yagutse yubake ibikorwa remezo bishya.Gahunda nkiyi ifasha ibigo byombi kuzigama amafaranga no gutanga serivisi zingenzi.
Kurugero, Alabama Power yashyizeho ubufatanye nabatanga umurongo mugari kugirango bakodeshe ubundi bushobozi bwa fibre kugirango bashyigikire serivise za interineti muri leta yose.Muri Mississippi, isosiyete ikora ibikorwa bya Entergy hamwe n’itumanaho rya C Spire yarangije umushinga wa fibre yo mu cyaro miliyoni 11 z’amadorali muri 2019 ikora ibirometero birenga 300 muri leta.
Muri leta aho nta bufatanye bwa IOU-butanga ubufatanye bwa interineti bwagaragaye, amasosiyete y’amashanyarazi ariko arashyiraho urufatiro rw’imikoranire yagutse mu gushora imari mu miyoboro ya fibre optique.Ameren ikorera muri Missouri yubatse umuyoboro mugari wa fibre hirya no hino muri leta kandi irateganya kohereza ibirometero 4.500 bya fibre mu cyaro mu 2023. Urwo rusobe rushobora gukoreshwa n’abatanga umurongo mugari kugira ngo bazane fibre mu rugo rw’abakiriya babo.
Ibihugu bikemura ubufatanye bwingirakamaro muri politiki
Inteko zishinga amategeko za leta ntizishobora gukenera guha abashoramari ibikorwa by’abashoramari uburenganzira bwo gufatanya n’abatanga umurongo mugari, ariko ibihugu bimwe na bimwe byagerageje gushishikariza ubu buryo binyuze mu gushyiraho amategeko yemerera imbaraga zihuriweho no gusobanura ibipimo by’ubufatanye.
Kurugero, Virginia muri 2019 yemereye IOU gukoresha ubushobozi bwinyongera muri serivisi ya Broadband ahantu hatabitswe.Sitati isaba ibigo gutanga icyifuzo cyo gutanga umurongo mugari ugaragaza abatanga umurongo mugari wa kilometero yanyuma bazakodesha fibre irenze.Irabashinzwe kubona ibyangombwa byose bikenewe hamwe nimpushya zo gutanga serivisi.Hanyuma, yemerera ibikorwa byoguhindura ibiciro bya serivise kugirango bigarure ibiciro bijyanye nimishinga igezweho ya gride izamura ibikorwa remezo kuri fibre, ariko irababuza gutanga umurongo mugari kubakoresha ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibicuruzwa byanyuma.Kuva iryo tegeko ryashyirwaho, abatanga amashanyarazi abiri akomeye, Dominion Energy na Appalachian Power, bateguye gahunda y’icyitegererezo yo gukodesha ubundi buryo bwa fibre ku batanga umurongo mugari wa Virginie.
Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Virijiniya y’Uburengerazuba yemeje amategeko mu 2019 yemerera amashanyarazi gukoresha amashanyarazi kugira ngo yige ubushakashatsi bwagutse.Nyuma yaho gato, Inama ishinzwe guteza imbere umurongo mugari wa Virginie y’Iburengerazuba yemeje umushinga wa kilometero yo hagati ya Appalachian Power.Uyu mushinga wa miliyoni 61 z'amadorali ukubiyemo ibirometero birenga 400 mu ntara za Logan na Mingo - bibiri mu turere twa Leta tutabungabunzwe - kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwa fibre buzakodeshwa ku batanga serivisi za interineti GigaBeam Networks.Komisiyo ishinzwe abakozi ba Leta ya Virginie y’Uburengerazuba nayo yemeje ko .015 ku ijana y’inyongera ku isaha ya kilowatt y’amasaha ya serivisi ya Broadband service itangwa na Appalachian Power, ikigereranyo cy’umwaka cyo gukoresha no kubungabunga umuyoboro wa fibre ni miliyoni 1.74.
Ubufatanye na IOU bugaragaza icyitegererezo cyo kongera umurongo mugari mugace kitagenewe kandi kidakwiye aho abatanga serivise gakondo badakorera.Mugukoresha no kuzamura ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi biriho bifitwe na IOU mumiyoboro ya kilometero yo hagati, yaba amashanyarazi nabatanga umurongo mugari bazigama amafaranga mugihe bagura serivise mugari mumidugudu.Gukoresha ibikorwa remezo byamashanyarazi bifitwe na IOU kugirango bizane interineti yihuse ahantu hatoroshye kugera byerekana uburyo busa nogutanga serivise mugari n'amakoperative y'amashanyarazi cyangwa uturere dukorera mukarere.Mugihe leta zikomeje gukora kugirango ikemure igabanywa rya digitale mumijyi nicyaro, benshi bahindukirira murwego rushya kugirango bazane interineti yihuse mumiryango idakwiye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-21-2022
